Vygotskiy. [Developmental diagnostics and pedological clinic оf difficult childhood]

Abstract:
L. S. Vygotsky has the honor, belonging to discovery of new stage in defectological theory and practice. In his keynote address at the Second Congress on Social and Legal Protection of Juveniles (1924), he outlined the principles of pedagogy for children's defectiveness. This author developed hereditary traditional doctrine of personality restructuring and compensation processes in difficult children. He built his concept on the fact, that some resources of personality restructuring of a mentally retarded and physically defective child and the appearance of compensatory formations in him — are formed in the process of child's development, and are not laid down initially in primary defects. The complexity of personality structure is concrete product of development of an abnormal child at all. Creating the foundations of pedology of difficult childhood, the scientist studied difficult childhood in its entirety, including categories of difficult-to-educate children and expanding the research space from symptom complexes to development processes in which these symptoms manifest themselves. The scientist posed before pedology the task of empirically revealing the internal patterns in pedological research as the basis of a difficult childhood clinic.