Lubovskiy. ["Growing into the culture" of a child with developmental disabilities]

Abstract:
The article is dedicated to the theoretical foundations of psychology of disability that were laid by G. Ya. Troshin and L. S. Vygotsky. It especially focuses on the idea of general and specific logic of mental development in children with psychophysical impairments, on the idea of primary and secondary (social) impairments, and on the problems of diagnostics. Author gives a brief analysis of psychodiagnostics development in the process of selecting children that were to study in special schools, and formulates the main methodological problems and difficulties associated with diagnosing children with disabilities. These problems are mostly connected with the necessity of differentiated assessment of mental development. The task of diagnostics is to detect the presence and the level of psychological mechanism’s development that provide full acquisition of culture. That is why leading tendencies in diagnostics are: studying mental activity, speech, and communicative abilities of a child, his actual and potential levels of development. Author also describes the principles of choosing diagnostic techniques.