Vygotskiy, Gellershteyn and etc. [The main trends of modern psychology]

Abstract:
Here is the collection of articles on psychoneurology of late 1920s. L. Vygotsky, in his own article, indicated here, that in psychology, like in no other field of knowledge, materialistic and idealistic tendencies collided, with creating a situation of psychological crisis. Analyzing the vast empirical and theoretical material, the scientist explains foundations of a new psychological doctrine, - structural psychology (Gestaltpsychologie), established in Germany. Its essence was initially, that psychological processes in their nature are not a simple combination of elements and a summative connection of parts based on the simple coexistence of one part next to another, but they are structural whole unit, that have their/this own specific properties. The whole doctrine of psychological development — whether we talk about the development of animals or the development of a child — should be based exclusively on the recognition of the Structure primacy, or of some holistic formations, that determine the properties and function of individual parts in their composition. Climbing up the ladder of the development of behavior, structural psychology establishes that the same law of structure underlies not only instincts, but also the basis of intellectual reactions, forms of behavior that are specifically characteristic of human behavior.